Definition of Frame

X-Direction of Frame
Select Unbraced | Sway or Braced | Non-sway frame in the global X-direction (Default = Unbraced | Sway).

Y-Direction Frame
Select Unbraced | Sway or Braced | Non-sway frame in the global Y-direction (Default = Unbraced | Sway).

Auto Calculate Effective Length Factors

Select if the effective buckling length factors are to be automatically calculated.

(1) Calculate the stiffness, S (=EI/L), of the members which are connected to the Member a as shown in the figure 1 below. If the joint of the flexural member is fixed or hinged as shown in the figure 2 below, the stiffness, S, is modified as below.

Fixed joint: S = (1/1.5)* EI/L

Hinge: S= (1/2.0)* EI/L

Where, E: Modulus of elasticity

I: Moment of inertia of section

L: Span length of flexural member measured from center to center of joints

(2) Calculate Ψ and Ψ. Ψ is the ratio of Σ(EI/lc) of compression members and Σ(EI/l) of flexural members in a plane at one end of a compression member. As shown in the figure 3 below, if the end of the compression member is fixed or hinged, Ψ is taken as 1 or 10 respectively. If the compression member is not connected to any flexural member, Ψ is taken as 1000.

(3) Calculate the solution, X, in the stability equation below.

Braced / Nonsway frames

Unbraced / Sway frames

Where, Ψ: Ratio of Σ(EI/lc) of compression members to Σ(EI/l) of flexural members in a plane at one end of a

compression member.

(4) Calculate the effective length factor, K

Reference: "Steel structures" (1982), Ballio and Mazzolani

X-Z Plane: Calculate the forces for and design all the members parallel with X-Z Plane.

Y-Z Plane: Calculate the forces for and design all the members parallel with Y-Z Plane.

X-Y Plane: Calculate the forces for and design all the members parallel with X-Y Plane.