Construction Stage Set

 

Overview

IMG_C_ICON_DOT.gifDefine the Construction stage set for analysis. Used for analyses that incorporate construction stages (Static/Slope analysis, Seepage/Consolidation analysis, Thermal Analysis).

 

Methodology

Define the Construction Stage Set and then define the Construction Stage.

A single file can be composed of multiple Construction stage sets.

The construction stage types are [Stress], [Seepage], [Stress-Seepage-Slope], [Consolidation], [Fully Coupled stress], [Heat Transfer], [Seepage-Thermal Stress], [Thermal Stress].

 

Click the Define Construction Stage button to form the construction stage. Advanced options that are not available on the [Stage Definition Wizard] can be set.

    

<Define construction stage>

 

Stage name

Define the construction stage name. Use [New] to create a new construction stage and use [Insert] to add a new construction stage in between existing stages.

For example, clicking the Insert button at Stage 2 moves the current stage to Stage 3, and the new stage becomes Stage2. Click the button to move to the previous or next stage.

 

Stage type

Specify the construction stage type. Be aware that the designated [Analysis Control], [Output Control] options are different and the boundary conditions/loading conditions for each stage type are different.

Refer to the Analysis > Analysis case > General > Analysis/Output Control for more information on control options.

 

Move to Previous/Next

The construction stage order may need modification when many construction stages are created. Use the Move to Previous or Next button to change the order of created construction stages.

 

Time Step

Define time steps  used in the analysis.

  • Duration

Insert the duration to be analyzed. ‘User Defined Step’ generates steps by dividing with Step Number. ‘Auto Time Step’ automatically divides defined period with time step.

  • Auto Time Step

It will automatically choose appropriate time steps for a seepage, consolidation, semi/fully coupled stress seepage analysis and thermal analyses.

When the calculation runs smoothly, resulting in very few iterations per step, then the program will choose a larger time step. When the calculation uses many iterations due to an increasing amount of plasticity, then the program will take smaller time steps.

This function reduces the pore water pressure result errors when loading is applied in short period of time.

 

        

  • Initial Time Step

Initial Time Step can be either manually defined by user or calculated automatically within solver. The automatic calculation formula is as follows:

     

  • Max. Pore Pressure Changes per Step

Input Max. Pore Pressure Changes per step. When pore pressure changes exceeds the maximum value, step size is automatically reduced and analyzed.

  • Max. Temperature Changes per Step

Input Max. Temperature Changes per step. When temperature changes exceeds the maximum value, step size is automatically reduced and analyzed.

  • Ratio of Max Time Step to Initial

Input the maximum value of time step ratio compared to ‘Initial Critical Time Step’.

  • Save Step

Select the output method of results. 'Last Increment': Only output results from last step, 'Every Increment': Output results from all steps.

 

Set Data

Display the usable Mesh sets, Boundary sets, and Load sets in a worktree. Be aware that the sub-sets are also displayed independently, so take caution when selecting the mesh sets.

For example, the set data for the created Core mesh set with registered mesh sub-sets (Core 001, Core 002, Core 003) are shown in the right figure. In this case, activating Core does not activate the mesh sub-sets Core 001, Core 002, Core 003. Hence, mesh sets that are not registered directly on the set data are useless.

Activated Data

Register the activated sets for each construction stage. The activated sets remain active for future construction stages without needing re-activation until it is deactivated. The sets that need to be activated for the construction stage can be selected using the left mouse button and dragged & dropped into the activated data. Another method is to select the sets using the right mouse button on the Set data and select activate on the Context menu.

 

Deactivated data

Register the deactivated set for each construction stage. The deactivated sets remain active for future construction stages until they are re-activated. The sets that need to be deactivated for the construction stage can be selected using the left mouse button and dragged & dropped into [Deactivated data]. Another method is to select the sets using the right mouse button on [Set data] and select deactivate on the Context menu.

 

Define Water Level For Global

Input the groundwater level that changes according to the construction stage with respect to the GCS. Click  to set the ground water level function. If the water level and function are both specified, the input water level is multiplied onto the function and applied on the analysis.

 

Define Water Level for Mesh Set

Define the groundwater level that changes according to the construction stage for each mesh set.

If the groundwater layer is surrounded by rocks or an impermeable clay layer (confined aquifer), the presence/absence of the groundwater level for each ground layer can be set for analysis.  

If the total groundwater level is input and a mesh set has a defined groundwater level, the mesh set groundwater level has priority and the total groundwater level is applied to mesh sets that do not have a defined level.

If the water level and function are both specified, the input water level is multiplied onto the function and applied on the analysis.

 

LDF

Set the Load Distribution Factor. The sum of all distribution factors need to be 1, and the keyboard Enter key needs to be pressed after the input to apply the value properly.

For the example case shown below, a LDF of 0.4 is applied to the current stage and a LDF of 0.3 is applied to the next stage and the subsequent stage. Here, the LDF does not need to be checked for the latter two stages and the LDFs need to be set such that they do not overlap in the construction stages.

 

IMG_C_ICON_NOTE_01.png

The application method of the Load Distribution Factor is as follows:

The LDF keeps track of the Internal Forces of a deleted element and loads it in stages according to the factor assigned for each construction stage, rather than loading it at once.

When applying the LDF on the top and bottom simultaneously, the factors need to be set such that they do not overlap in the construction stages. If the LDFs overlap as shown below, when calculating the internal forces of this stage, the 0.5 on the bottom element released in STG #5 releases the stress using the internal force of the bottom element, created by the 0.7 on the top element defined in STG #4. Hence, the 1.0 on the top element of STG #4 is not released and so, the internal force for the 0.3 on top is not taken into account for analysis. (Very Confusing)

 

Part

STG #3

STG #4

STG #5

STG #6

Top

0.3

0.4

0.3

-

Bottom

-

-

0.5

0.5

 

STG #3           STG #4           STG #5          STG #6

 

Hence, be careful not to overlap the LDFs in the construction stage, as shown below.

 

Part

STG #3

STG #4

STG #5

STG #6

STG #7

Top

0.3

0.4

0.3

-

-

Bottom

-

-

-

0.5

0.5

 

 

Clear Displacement

Set the displacement of an analysis result in the current stage as 0. It is used to set the initial conditions of the in-situ state. The stress is not reset to 0.

 

Slope Stability (SRM/SAM)

Decide whether to conduct the slope stability analysis (SRM) in the current construction stage. If this option is checked, it is automatically registered as an analysis case and analysis is conducted. In other words, the ground stress from the non-linear analysis results in the previous stage is coupled and slope stability analysis is conducted. (However for SAM analysis, it is only applicable for 2D analysis and the boundary conditions of the virtual slip surface needs to be set.)