Plate Forces/Moments

Check the distribution of member forces per unit length in plate elements in Contours or Vectors.

From the Main Menu select Results > Forces > Plate Forces/Moments.

Select Results > Forces > Plate Forces/Moments in the Menu tab of the Tree Menu.

Click Plate Forces/Moments in the Icon Menu.

Load Cases/Combinations

Select a desired load case, load combination or envelope case.

Click to the right to enter new or modify existing load combinations. (Refer to "Load Cases / Combinations")

Step
Specify the step for which the analysis results are to be produced. The Step is defined in geometric nonlinear analysis as Load Step, and additional steps are defined in the construction stages of highrise buildings or heat of hydration analyses.

Note 1
The Construction Stage applicable for the output of the construction stage analysis is defined in Select Construction Stage for Display or Stage Toolbar.

Note 2

When pushover analysis is performed for a structure containing Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements, the pushover analysis results for Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements can be produced by 'Steps'.

Plate Force Options

Local: Produce the contour representing member forces per unit width in the plate element local coordinate system.

UCS: Produce the contour representing member forces per unit width in the User-defined Coordinate System for the plate elements placed parallel to the x-y plane in UCS. If UCS has not been defined GCS is applied.

Element: Display the contour using the internal forces calculated at each node of an element.

Avg. Nodal: Display the contour using the average internal nodal forces of the contiguous elements sharing the common nodes.

Note

Avg.Nodal does not consider the simultaneity for the load case in which maximum member forces are displayed about all elements such as Moving Load Case, Settlement Load Case and Time History Load Case.

Avg. Nodal Active Only: Execute Avg. Nodal for only currently active elements.

Components

Select the desired internal force component among the following:

(a) Forces per unit length due to in-plane actions at the output locations

(b) Moments per unit length due to out-of-plane bending actions at the output locations

Output of plate elements forces per unit length

Fxx: Axial force per unit width in the element's local or UCS x-direction (Perpendicular to local y-z plane)

Fyy: Axial force per unit width in the element's local or UCS y-direction (Perpendicular to local x-z plane)

Fxy: Shear force per unit width in the element's local or UCS x-y direction (In-plane shear)

Fmax: Maximum Principal Axial Force per unit width

Fmin: Minimum Principal Axial Force per unit width

FMax: Maximum absolute Principal Axial Force per unit width

Mxx: Bending moment per unit width in the direction of the element's local or UCS x-axis (Out-of-plane moment about local y-

axis)

Myy: Bending moment per unit width in the direction of the element's local or UCS y-axis (Out-of-plane moment about local x-

axis)

Mxy: Torsional moment per unit width about the element's local or UCS x-y plane

Mmax: Maximum principal bending moment per unit width

Mmin: Minimum principal bending moment per unit width

MMax: Maximum absolute Principal Moment per unit width (Larger magnitude of Mmax and Mmin)

Vxx: Shear force per unit width in the thickness direction along the element's local or UCS y-z plane

Vyy: Shear force per unit width in the thickness direction along the element's local or UCS x-z plane

VMax: Maximum absolute shear force per unit width (Larger magnitude of Vxx and Vyy)

Revision of Gen 2010

: Display the combination of bending moment (Mxx or Myy) and torsional moment (Mxy).

Note. Wood-Armer formula for skew reinforcement

From the analysis results, following plate forces about the local axis are calculated

- mxx

- myy

- mxy

In order to calculate design forces in the reinforcement direction, angle α and φ will be taken as following figure:

x, y: local axis of plate element

1, 2: reinforcement direction

α: angle between local x-direction and reinforcement direction 1

φ: angle between reinforcement direction 1 and reinforcement direction 2

Firstly, internal forces (mxx, myy and mxy) are transformed into the a-b coordinate system.

Then, Wood-Armer moments are calculated as follows:

Fvector: Representation of maximum and minimum principal force directions and the larger absolute magnitude at the centers of plate elements

Mvector : Representation of maximum and minimum principal moment directions and larger absolute magnitude at the centers of plate elements

Vector Scale Factor: Drawing scale for the vector diagram

(a) Force per unit length due to in-plane behavior

(b) Moment per unit length due to out-of-plane behavior

Type of Display

Define the type of display as follows :

Contour

Display the forces/moments of plate elements in contour.

Ranges: Define the contour ranges.

: Assign the color distribution range of contour. Using the function, specific colors for specific ranges can be assigned.

Note
Contour Range Max/Min values can be larger than the max/min output values. If the Contour Range values exceed the output values, they are entered at Rank 0 and Rank 11.

Number of Colors: Assign the number of colors to be included in the contour (select among 6, 12, 18, 24 colors)

Colors: Assign or control the colors of the contour.

Color Table: Assign the type of Colors.

: Control the colors by zones in the contour.

Reverse Contour: Check on to reverse the sequence of color variation in the contour.

Contour Line: Assign the boundary line color of the contour

Element Edge: Assign the color of element edges while displaying the contour

Contour Options: Specify options for contour representation

Contour Fill

Gradient Fill: Display color gradient (shading) in the contour.

Draw Contour Lines: Display color boundaries in the contour.

Draw Contour Line Only
Display only the colored boundaries of the contour.

Mono line: Display the boundaries of the contour in a mono color.

Contour Annotation
Legend or annotation signifying the ranges of the contour is displayed.

Spacing: Specify the spacing of the legend or annotation.

Coarse Contour(faster) (for large plate or solid model)

Represent a simplified contour for a large model using plate or solid elements in order to reduce the time required to represent a complete contour.

Extrude
Where plate elements or solid elements along a cutting plane are represented in contour, a three dimensional contour is created. The positive direction of the analysis results is oriented in the z-axis direction of the local element coordinate system.

The option is not concurrently applicable with the Deformed Shape option. Similarly, the option cannot be concurrently applied to the cases where the Hidden option is used to display plate element thicknesses or the Both option is used to represent Top & Bottom member forces (stresses).

Deform

Display the deformed shape of the model.

Deformation Scale Factor
Magnify or reduce the size of the displacement graphically displayed in the model window.

Deformation Type
Select the type of display for displacement

Nodal Deform: Display the deformed shape only with nodal displacements.

Real Displacement (Auto-Scale off): The true deformation of the structure is graphically represented without magnifying or reducing it. This option is typically used for geometric nonlinear analysis reflecting large displacement.

Relative Displacement: The deformation of the structure is graphically represented relative to the minimum nodal displacement, which is set to "0"

Values

Display the forces/moments of plate elements in numerical values.

The font and color of the numbers can be controlled in Display Option.

Decimal Points: Assign decimal points for the displayed numbers

Exp.: Express as exponentials

Min & Max: Display the maximum and minimum values

Abs Max: Display the absolute maximum value

Max: Display only the maximum value

Min: Display only the minimum value

Limit Scale(%): Set the screen display limit for internal forces relative to the selected maximum or minimum value

Set Orientation: Display orientation of numerical values

Note
The default Decimal Points can be controlled in "Preferences".
Set Orientation = 0 horizontally displays the numerical values to the right of nodes or elements.
The orientation angle represents the counter-clockwise direction, which may be used to enhance the readability of the numbers.

Legend

Display various references related to analysis results to the right or left of the working window.

Element numbers pertaining to the maximum and minimum forces are displayed.

Legend Position : Position of the legend in the display window

Rank Value Type: Specify a type of values in the Legend and the number of decimal points

Animate

Dynamically simulate the forces/moments of plate elements.

Click then click Record to the right of the Animation control board at the bottom of the working window.

Animation Mode: Determine the type of animation for analysis results.

Animate Contour: Option to change the color of the contour representing the transition according to the magnitudes of variation

Repeat Half/Full Cycle: Select the repetition cycle for the dynamic representation of the transition

Note
Select 'Half Cycle' for the transient shapes of a structure and 'Full Cycle' for dynamically simulating vibration modes or buckling modes.

AVI Options: Enter the options required to produce animation window.

Bits per Pixel: Number of bits per pixel to create the default window for animation

: Assign the method of compressing image data

Frames per Half Cycle (3~300): Number of frames to simulate a 'Half Cycle'

Frames per Second (5~60): Number of frames per second to present dynamic simulation

Construction Stage Option: Select the animation options when the construction stage analysis is performed.

Stage Animation: Animations by construction stages

Current Stage-Step: Animations by Steps in the current construction stage

From ~ To: Starting and ending construction stages or steps for animations

Undeformed

Overlap the undeformed and deformed shapes of the model.

Mirrored

"Mirrored" allows the user to expand the analysis results obtained from a half or quarter model into the results for the full model by reflecting planes.

Half Model Mirroring

Quarter Model Mirroring

Mirror by: Specify the mirror plane (s) by designating a plane and a coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the plane in GCS.

Plate Cutting Diagram	Graphically display the internal forces of the plane elements along a cutting line or plane.
	Click to access the detail setting dialog box to define the cutting line or plate required to produce and view the internal forces of the plate elements.

Plate Cutting Diagram dialog box

Plate Cutting Diagram Mode

Cutting Line: Produce a graph along a cutting line

Cutting Plane: Produce a graph along the line of intersection of the cutting plane and plate elements

When Cutting Line is selected

Defined Cutting Lines

List of defined cutting lines

: Add the information contained in the Cutting Line Detail to the list of Defined Cutting Lines

: Delete a defined Cutting Line

: Modify a defined Cutting Line

Cutting Line Detail

Define a Cutting Line.

Name: Name of a Cutting Line

Pnt1: Start point of the Cutting Line

Pnt2: End point of the Cutting Line

Options

Specify the plane in which the graph will be displayed

Normal: Display the graph perpendicular to the plate elements

In Plane: Display the graph in the plane of the plate elements

Scale Factor: Scale factor for diagram output ratio

Reverse: Express the Diagram in the reverse direction.

Graph

Produce the output in a Graph Window ( valid only if 'Cutting lines' is selected).

Access the Plate Cutting Diagram Mode dialog box to determine the type of Graph Window.

Draw graphs

on separate panes: Graphs pertaining to different Cutting Lines/Planes produced separately

All in one pane: All the graphs pertaining to different Cutting Lines/Planes simultaneously produced in one graph

X-axis: Define the X-axis of the graph

Distance from Pnt1: Distance from the first point

Global X coord.

Global Y coord.

Global Z coord.

Value Output: Produce the output in values.

MinMax Only: Show only the maximum and minimum values when Value Output is selected.

When Cutting Plane is selected

Named Planes for Cutting

Select a plane from the defined planes and UCS x-y, x-z & y-z planes

Plate Cutting Plane Detail

Normal to plate: Consider a Cutting Plane parrallel to the Local Element Coordinate System z-axis of the plate elements

On cutting plane surface: Consider a Cutting Plane as per a defined plane

Draw continuous lines: Display the graphs for plate elements placed on different planes in a continuous line.

Scale Factor: Scale factor for diagram output ratio

Reverse: Express the Diagram in the reverse direction.

Value Output: Produce the output in values.

MinMax Only: Show only the maximum and minimum values when Value Output is selected.

Value Option

Select an option to produce the absolute maximum value or the force at the center.

Max: Display the absolute maximum value among the forces of a plate element.

Element Center: Display the force at the center of a plate element.

Batch Output Generation ( , )

Given the types of analysis results for Graphic outputs, generate consecutively graphic outputs for selected load cases and combinations. A total number of files equal to the products of the numbers of checked items in the three columns of the dialog box below are created. (Details...)

	Assign a Base File Name under which the types of results (selection data in the Batch Output Generation dialog box for graphic outputs) are stored.
	Specify the Base Files to perform Batch Output Generation, construction stages, load cases (combinations), steps, etc. in the following dialog box.

Batch Output Generation dialog box

Saved Menu-Bar Info's: Listed here are the Base Files. Select the Base File Names for Batch Output.

: Delete all the Base Files selected with the mouse.

When the construction stage analysis is carried out, all the construction stages are listed. We simply select the stages of interests to be included in the batch output. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the column in the dialog box becomes inactive and lists load (combination) conditions.

Stages
The results output of all the construction stages are produced. The construction stages are listed below.

Final Stage Loads
The results output for only the Final Stage are produced. The construction stages are listed below. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the load (combination) conditions are listed.

Use Saved
Apply only the (saved) step or load (combination) condition selected at the time of creating each Base File.

Stage LCase/LComb
When the construction stage analysis is carried out, the auto-generated construction stage load conditions and the additionally entered construction stage load combinations are listed. Check on only the load (combination) conditions that will be used to produce batch outputs. This column becomes inactive if Final Stage Loads is selected or no construction stage analysis is carried out.

Step Option
Specify the steps for which the outputs will be produced when the construction stage analysis or large displacement geometric nonlinear analysis is performed.

Saved Step: Use only the steps used for creating the Base Files

All Steps: Use all the steps

Output Options

Output File Type
Select a Graphic File type, either BMP or EMF.

Auto Description: At the top left of the Graphic Outputs produced in batch, auto-generate and include the notes such as the types and components of the analysis results, construction stages and steps, load (combination) conditions, etc. The font size, color, type, etc. can be changed upon clicking the button .

Output Path
Specify the path for saving the graphic files to be produced in batch.

File Prefix: Specify the prefix of the Graphic Files to be created. The filenames will be consisted of "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Load Comb.".bmp(emf) or "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Stage"_"Stage LCase"_"Step".bmp(emf).

: Produce the specified batch Graphic Files reflecting the contents of the dialog box.

Produce the contents of data input in the Base Files and Batch Output Generation dialog box in a binary type file (fn.bog). Click the button and select a fn.bog to use the same output format.

Note
Import /Export is only meaningful for different projects. In a given structural model, the Base Files are automatically stored and listed.