Combinations


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midas Civil ¿¡¼­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº 4°¡Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ ´ëÈ­»óÀÚ ÅÇÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

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Load Combinations ´ëÈ­»óÀÚ

 

ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» »õ·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇϰųª Ãß°¡ÇÒ °æ¿ì

ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼¼°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

1. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Á÷Á¢ ÀÔ·Â

Load Combination List ÀԷ¶õ¿¡ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±âº»»çÇ×À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ÀÔ·ÂÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

No : ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀÇ ÀԷ¼ø¼­¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÀϷùøÈ£ ºÎ¿©

Name : ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀÇ À̸§ ÀÔ·Â

Note
±³·®±¸Á¶¹°ÀÇ ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇؼ®À» ¼öÇàÇÑ °æ¿ì ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇؼ®¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÏÁßÀº Çؼ®½Ã ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇÏÁßÀ¸·Î ÅëÇյǾî Çؼ®°á°ú È®Àνÿ¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î º°µµ·Î ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á¶°Çµé°ú À̵éÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÑ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °¢ ½Ã°ø´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Çؼ®°á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖÁ¾´Ü°è(PostCS Stage)¿¡¼­´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á¶°Ç ¶Ç´Â ÀÏ¹Ý ´ÜÀ§ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇµéÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÑ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» º°µµ·Î »ý¼ºÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀÚµ¿»ý¼ºµÈ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇؼ®¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀº Construction Stage Analysis ControlÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù.

 

Active : ÇØ´ç ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Inactive : ÈÄ󸮸ðµå¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ Á¶°ÇÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½

Active : ÈÄ󸮸ðµå¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ Á¶°ÇÀ» Àû¿ëÇÔ (General ÅÇ)

Strength/Stress : º¸ºÎÀçÀÇ »ç¿ë¼º°ËÅä(±Õ¿­°ËÅä, ÇǷΰËÅä)¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ÈÄ󸮸ðµå¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Àû¿ë

Serviceability : º¸ºÎÀçÀÇ ÀÚµ¿¼³°è ¹× °­µµ °ËÁõÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ÈÄó¸® ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Àû¿ë

 

Type : Çؼ®°á°úÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ¹æ¹ý ÁöÁ¤

L1 + L2 + ... + M1 + M2 + ... + S1 + S2 + ...+ R1 + R2 + ... + T + LCB1 + LCB2 + ... + ENV1 + ENV2 + ...

CBmax : Max(L1, L2, ..., M1, M2, ..., S1, S2, ...,R1, R2, ..., T, LCB1, LCB2, ..., ENV1, ENV2, ...)

CBmin : Min(L1, L2, ..., M1, M2, ..., S1, S2, ...,R1, R2, ..., T, LCB1, LCB2, ..., ENV1, ENV2, ...)

CBall : Max(|L1|, |L2|, ..., |M1|, |M2|, ..., |S1|, |S2|, ..., |R1|, |R2|, ..., |T|, |LCB1|, |LCB2|, ..., |ENV1|, |ENV2|, ...)

|L1| +| L2|+ ... + |M1| + |M2| + ... + |S1| + |S2| + ...+ |R1| + |R2| + ...+ |LCB1| + |LCB2| + ... + |ENV1| + |ENV2| + ...

(L12 + L22 + ... + M12 + M22 + ... + S12 + S22 +...+R12 + R22 +... + T2 + LCB12 + LCB22 + ... + ENV12 + ENV22 + ...)1/2

¿©±â¼­,          L : Á¤Àû ´ÜÀ§ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

M : À̵¿ÇÏÁß Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

S : ÁöÁ¡Ä§ÇÏ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

R : Response Spectrum Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

T : ½Ã°£ÀÌ·ÂÇؼ® Á¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

LCB : ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

ENV : ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇµÈ EnvelopeÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®°á°ú ¡¿ Áõ°¨°è¼ö

Note
1. ÇÑ°³ÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­´Â 150°³ÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç ¶Ç´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇµéÀ» ¼­·Î Á¶ÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2. ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¹æ¹ýÁß Envelope, ABS, SRSS´Â General¿¡¼­¸¸ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.

 

 

LoadCase : ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç ¸ñ·ÏÆÇ¿¡¼­ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ ´ÜÀ§ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç ¶Ç´Â ¸ÕÀú Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

Factor : ¼±ÅÃµÈ ´ÜÀ§ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç ¶Ç´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö ÀÔ·Â

2. ³»ÀåµÈ ¼³°è±âÁØÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ÀÚµ¿ÀÔ·Â

ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç ÀÔ·Â ´ëÈ­»óÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÇϺο¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹öÆ°À» Ŭ¸¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ŭ¸¯ÈÄ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç ÀÚµ¿ÀÔ·Â ´ëÈ­»óÀÚ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½»çÇ×À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ¹öÆ°À» Ŭ¸¯Çϸé, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ ´ÜÀ§ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç°ú ±ÔÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î »ý¼ºÇØ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

 

Automatic Generation of Load Combinations ´ëÈ­»óÀÚ

 

Option

Add : ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç¿¡ ÀÚµ¿»ý¼ºµÉ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» Ãß°¡

Replace : ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÏ°í, ÀÚµ¿»ý¼ºµÉ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ´ëü

Add Envelope : Envelope ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ÀÚµ¿ »ý¼º, General ÅÇ¿¡¼­¸¸ Àû¿ë

Code Selection

Steel : ö°ñ¼³°è½Ã ¼³°è±âÁØ

Concrete : ö±ÙÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¼³°è½Ã ¼³°è±âÁØ

SRC : ö°ñ-ö±ÙÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¼³°è½Ã ¼³°è±âÁØ

Footing

Design Code : ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç ÀÚµ¿»ý¼º¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼³°è±âÁØÀ» ¼±ÅÃ

AASHTO-Std2K : AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges : 2000 Interim Revisions, 1996 16th Edition (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

 

Service Load Design(»ç¿ëÇÏÁß¼³°è¹ý)

Condition for Earth Pressure Factor : Åä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö Á¶°Ç

Rigid Frames : °­¼º »À´ë±¸Á¶

¼öÆòÅä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö : 1

¿¬Á÷Åä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö : 1

Culverts : ¾Ï°Å

»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ ÀԷ°¡´ÉÇÔ

All Other Structures :°­¼º »À´ë±¸Á¶¿Í ¾Ï°ÅÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸Á¶¹°

¼öÆòÅä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö : 1

¿¬Á÷Åä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö : 1

Earth Pressure Factor for Culverts : ¾Ï°ÅÀÎ °æ¿ì »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Åä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ÀÔ·Â

Lateral : ¼öÆòÅä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö

Vertical : ¿¬Á÷Åä¾ÐÇÏÁß°è¼ö

Load Factor Design : ÇÏÁß°è¼ö¼³°è¹ý

Condition for Earth Pressure Factor : Åä¾Ð°è¼ö Á¶°Ç

Lateral Earth Pressure for Retaining Walls and Rigid Frames Excluding Rigid Culverts :1.3 Àû¿ë, °­¼º¾Ï°Å ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ °­¼º±¸Á¶ ¹× ¿Ëº®¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

Lateral at-Rest Earth Pressure :1.15 Àû¿ë, ¼öÆòÁ¤ÁöÅä¾Ð

Lateral Earth Pressure for Checking Positive Moments in Rigid Frames :0.5 Àû¿ë, °­¼º±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤¸ð¸àÆ® °ËÅä½ÃÀÇ ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

Rigid Culverts :1.0 Àû¿ë, °­¼º ¾Ï°Å

Flexible Culverts : 1.5 Àû¿ë, ¿¬¼º ¾Ï°Å

Note
Load Factor Design¿¡¼­ Vertical Earth Pressure´Â Ç×»ó 1.0 ÀÌ´Ù.

Condition for Dead Load Factor : »çÇÏÁß°è¼ö Á¶°Ç

Checking for Minimum Axial Load and Maximum Moment or Maximum Eccentricity :0.75 Àû¿ë, ÃÖ¼Ò Ãà·Â ¹× ÃÖ´ë ¸ð¸àÆ® ¶Ç´Â ÃÖ´ë Æí½É °ËÅä                                                                      

Checking for Maximum Axial Load and Minimum Moment :1.0 Àû¿ë, ÃÖ´ë Ãà·Â ¹× ÃÖ¼Ò ¸ð¸àÆ® °ËÅä

Flexural and Tension Members :1.0 Àû¿ë, ÈÚ ¶Ç´Â ÀÎÀåºÎÀç

 

AASHTO-LRFD02 : AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2002 (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Load Modifier : ÇÏÁß¼öÁ¤°è¼ö

Load Factors for Permanent Loads(Yp)

Component and Attachments : ±¸Á¶ºÎÀç¿Í ºñ±¸Á¶Àû ºÎÂø¹°

Downdrag : ¸»¶ÒºÎ ¸¶Âû·Â

Wearing Surfaces and Utilities : Æ÷Àå°ú ½Ã¼³¹°

Horizontal Earth Pressure :¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

Active : ÁÖµ¿Åä¾Ð

At-Rest :Á¤ÁöÅä¾Ð

Vertical Earth Pressure : ¼öÁ÷Åä¾Ð

Overall Stability : ±¸Á¶¾ÈÁ¤

Retaining Walls. Abutments : ¿Ëº®

Rigid Buried Structure : °­¼º ¸Å¼³±¸Á¶

Rigid Frames : °­¼º »À´ë±¸Á¶

Flexible Buried Structures(Non Metal Box Culverts) : °­¹Ú½º¾Ï°Å ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¿¬¼º ¸Å¼³±¸Á¶

Flexible Metal Box Culverts : ¿¬¼º °­¹Ú½º ¾Ï°Å

Earth Surcharge : »óÀç ÅäÇÏÁß

Load Factor for Settlement : ÁöÁ¡Ä§ÇÏ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀÇ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö

Structural Plate Box Structures(Metal Box Culverts) : °­¹Ú½º ¾Ï°ÅÀÇ ¿©ºÎ

Condition for Temperature, Creep, Shrinkage Factor : ¿Âµµº¯È­, Å©¸®ÇÁ, °ÇÁ¶¼öÃàÀÇ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö ¼±Á¤À» À§ÇÑ Á¶°Ç

Deformation Check : º¯Çü °ËÅä½Ã

All Other Effects : º¯Çü ÀÌ¿Ü °ËÅä½Ã

 

JTJ021-89 : Áß±¹ µµ·Î±³ÇÔ ¼³°èÅë¿ë±Ô¹ü (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Trailer or Crawler Moving Load Cases

À̵¿ÇÏÁß¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ Â÷·®ÀÌ Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯ ¶Ç´Â ¹«Çѱ¥µµ °°ÀÌ ÀÏ¹Ý Æ®·°ÇÏÁß°ú ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì ÇØ´çµÇ´Â À̵¿ÇÏÁß°æ¿ì¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Trailer or Crawler Moving Load Case·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ À̵¿ÇÏÁß°æ¿ì´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö°¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÀ» »ý¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Curved Bridge for Reduction of Braking Load

¸ðµ¨¸µµÈ ±³·®ÀÌ °î¼±±³ÀÎÁö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °î¼±±³ÀÏ °æ¿ì Á¦µ¿ÇÏÁß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨¼Ò°è¼ö(0.7)¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

CJJ77-98 : Áß±¹ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ÇÏÁßÇ¥ÁØ

KRTA-BRG2K : Çѱ¹µµ·Î±³ÅëÇùȸ µµ·Î±³¼³°è±âÁØ (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

(1.3*D)+(2.15*(L+LR))+(1.3*CF)+(1.7*EP)+(1.3*(B+WP+WPR+SF))

(1.3*D)+(1.3*(L+LR))+(1.3*CF)+(1.7*EP)+(1.3*(B+WP+WPR+SF))+(1.3*(STL+CR+SH+T))

(1.3*D)+(1.3*(L+LR))+(1.3*CF)+(1.7*EP)+(1.3*(B+WP+WPR+SF))+(1.3*CO)

(1.3*D)+(1.7*EP)+(1.3*(B+WP+WPR))+(1.3*W)

(1.25*D)+(1.65*EP)+(1.25*(B+WP+WPR))+(1.25*W)+(1.25*(B+WP+WPR+SF))

(1.2*D)+(1.55*EP)+(1.2*(B+WP+WPR))+(1.2*W)+(1.2*CO)

(1.3*D)+(1.3*(L+LR))+(1.3*CF)+(1.7*EP)+(1.3*(B+WP+WPR+SF))+(1.3*(0.5W+WL+BK))

(1.25*D)+(1.25*(L+LR))+(1.25*CF)+(1.65*EP)+(1.25*(B+WP+WPR+SF))+(1.25*(0.5W+WL+BK))+(1.25*(STL+CR+SH+T))

1.0*(D+EP+(B+WP+WPR+SF)+E

 

KSCE-USD96 : ´ëÇÑÅä¸ñÇÐȸ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®Ç¥Áؽù漭 (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

(1.5*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.35*W)

(0.9*D)+(1.4*W)

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.35*Esp)

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.35*E)

(0.9*D)+(1.4*E)

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.125*T)

(1.5*D)+(1.5*T)

(1.5*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*EP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*EP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*EP)

(1.5*D)+(1.8*EP)

(1.5*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*WP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*WP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*WP)

(1.5*D)+(1.8*WP)

(1.5*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(0.9*D)+(1.8*(L+LR))+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(0.9*D)+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(1.5*D)+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.125*SH)

(1.5*D)+(1.5*SH)

(1.125*D)+(1.35*(L+LR))+(1.125*CR)

(1.5*D)+(1.5*CR)

 

KCI-USD99 : Çѱ¹ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®ÇÐȸ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ±¸Á¶¼³°è±âÁØ (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

(1.4*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.275*W)

(0.9*D)+(1.3*W)

(1.05*D)+(1.275*W)

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.35*E)

(0.9*D)+(1.4*E)

(1.05*D)+(1.35*E)

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.35*Esp)

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.125*T)

(1.4*D)+(1.5*T)

(1.4*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*EP)

(0.9*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*EP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*EP)

(1.4*D)+(1.8*EP)

(1.4*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*WP)

(0.9*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*WP)

(0.9*D)+(1.8*WP)

(1.4*D)+(1.8*WP)

(1.4*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(0.9*D)+(1.7*(L+LR))+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(0.9*D)+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(1.4*D)+(1.8*(EP+WP))

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.125*SH)

(1.4*D)+(1.5*SH)

(1.05*D)+(1.275*(L+LR))+(1.125*CR)

(1.4*D)+(1.5*CR)

 

AASHTO-Std2K : AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges : 2000 Interim Revisions, 1996 16th Edition (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Col.No

1

2

3

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Group

r

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

D

(L+I)n

(L+I)p

CF

E

B

 SF

W

WL

LF

R+S+T

EQ

ICE

 

SERVICE LOAD

I

1.0

1

1

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

100

IA

1.0

1

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

150

IB

1.0

1

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

II

1.0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

125

III

1.0

1

1

1

¥âE

1

1

0.3

1

1

0

0

0

125

IV

1.0

1

1

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

125

V

1.0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

140

VI

1.0

1

1

1

¥âE

1

1

0.3

1

1

1

0

0

140

VII

1.0

1

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

133

VIII

1.0

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

140

IX

1.0

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

150

X

1.0

1

1

0

¥âE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

100

LOAD FACTOR DESIGN

I

1.3

¥âD

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

IA

1.3

¥âD

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

IB

1.3

¥âD

1

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

II

1.3

¥âD

0

0

¥âE

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

 

III

1.3

¥âD

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0.3

0.3

1

1

0

0

 

IV

1.3

¥âD

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

V

1.3

¥âD

0

0

¥âE

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

 

VI

1.3

¥âD

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0.3

0.3

1

1

0

0

 

VII

1.3

¥âD

0

0

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

 

VIII

1.3

¥âD

0

1

¥âE

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

 

IX

1.3

¥âD

0

0

¥âE

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

 

X

1.3

1

0

0

¥âE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

 

For Service Load Design

¥âE = 1.0 for vertical and lateral loads on all other structures

 

For Load Factor Design

¥âE = 1.3 for lateral earth pressure for retaining walls and rigid frames excluding rigid culverts. For lateral at-rest earth pressure, ¥âE =1.15

¥âE = 0.5 for lateral earth pressure when checking positive moments in rigid frames

¥âE = 1.0 for vertical earth pressure

¥âD = 0.75 when checking member for minimum axial load and maximum moment or maximum eccentricity

¥âD = 1.0 when checking member for maximum axial Column load and minimum    moment

¥âD = 1.0 for flexural and tension members

¥âE = 1.0 for Rigid Culverts

¥âE = 1.5 for Flexible Culverts

 

AASHTO-LRFD02 : AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications : 2002 (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Load and Resistance Factor Design

Total factored force

: ÇÏÁß¼öÁ¤°è¼ö(load modifier) User Input, default : 1..0)

Load Combination

Limit State

DC

DD

DW

EH

EV

ES

LL(L)

IM(IL)

CE(CF)

BR(BRK)

PL(CRL)

LSEL

WA

(WP,FP,B,

SF, WPR)

WS(W)

WL

FR

TU(T)

CR

SH

TG

(TPG)

SE

(STL)

Use one of These

at a Time

EQ(E)

IC(IP)

CT

CV

Strength-I

Yp

1.75

1.00

-

-

1.0

0.5/1.2

0

YSE

-

-

-

-

Strength-¥±

Yp

1.35

1.00

-

-

1.0

0.5/1.2

0

YSE

-

-

-

-

Strength-¥²

Yp

-

1.00

1.4

-

1.0

0.5/1.2

0

YSE

-

-

-

-

Strength-¥³ EH,EV,

ES,DW,DC only

Yp

1.5

-

1.00

-

-

1.0

0.5/1.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Strength-¥´

Yp

1.35

1.00

0.4

1.0

1.0

0.5/1.2

0

YSE

-

-

-

-

Extreme Event-¥°

Yp

0.50

1.00

-

-

1.0

-

-

-

1.0

-

-

-

Extreme Event-¥±

Yp

0.50

1.00

-

-

1.0

-

-

-

-

1.0

1.0

1.0

Service-¥°

1.0

1.00

1.00

0.3

1.0

1.0

1.0/1.2

1.0/0.5

YSE

-

-

-

-

Service-¥±

1.0

1.30

1.00

-

-

1.0

1.0/1.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Service-¥²

1.0

0.80

1.00

-

-

1.0

1.0/1.2

1.0/0.5

YSE

-

-

-

-

Fatigue

LL,IM &CE only

-

0.75

-

-

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

TU, CR, SHÀÇ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö : Å«°ª - deformation °ËÅä½Ã, ÀÛÀº°ª - deformation ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç °æ¿ì °ËÅä½Ã

TG : 1.0 : when live load is not considered, 0.5 : when live load is considered

SE :YSE: project specific basis

Structural Plate Box Structures(metal box culverts) LL, IM factors : 2.0

»ó½ÃÇÏÁß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏÁß°è¼ö(Load Factors for Permanent Loads,Yp)

ÇÏÁßÇüÅÂ(Type of Load)

ÇÏÁß°è¼ö(Load Factor)

ÃÖ´ë°ª

ÃÖ¼Ò°ª

DC : ±¸Á¶ºÎÀç¿Í ºñ±¸Á¶Àû ºÎÂø¹°(Component and Attachments)

1.25

0.90

DD : ¸»¶ÒºÎ ¸¶Âû·Â(Downdrag)

1.80

0.45

DW : Æ÷Àå°ú ½Ã¼³¹°(Wearing Surfaces and Utilities)

1.50

0.65

EH : ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð(Horizontal Earth Pressure)

 

 

       ÁÖµ¿Åä¾Ð(Active)

1.50

0.90

       Á¤ÁöÅä¾Ð(At-Rest)

1.35

0.90

EL : ½Ã°ø°úÁ¤Áß ÃàÀûµÈ ±¸¼ÓÀÀ·Â(Locked-in Erection Stresses)

1.0

1.0

EV : ¼öÁ÷Åä¾Ð(Vertical Earth Pressure)

 

 

       ±¸Á¶¾ÈÁ¤(Overall Stability)

1.35

N/A

       ¿Ëº®(Retaining Structures)

1.35

1.0

       °­¼º ¸Å¼³±¸Á¶(Rigid Buried Structures)

1.30

0.90

       °­¼º »À´ë±¸Á¶(Rigid Frames)

1.35

0.90

       °­¹Ú½º¾Ï°Å ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¿¬¼º ¸Å¼³±¸Á¶(Flexible Buried Structures other than Metal Box Culverts)

1.95

0.90

¿¬¼º °­¹Ú½º ¾Ï°Å(Flexible metal Box Culverts)

1.50

0.90

ES : »óÀçÅäÇÏÁß(Earth Surcharge)

1.50

0.75

 

 

JTJ021-89 : Áß±¹ µµ·Î±³ÇÔ ¼³°èÅë¿ë±Ô¹ü (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Load Combination

Type 1 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß(ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¿©´ëÂ÷ Á¦¿Ü)

Type 2 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß(ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¿©´ëÂ÷ Á¦¿Ü) + ±âŸ°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

Type 3 : ±¸Á¶Áß·Â(D) + ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¶Ç´Â ¿©´ëÂ÷ + Prestress(PS) + ÅäÁß·Â ¹× Åä¾Ð(EP)

Type 4 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß(ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¿©´ëÂ÷ Á¦¿Ü) + ¼±¹Ú ¶Ç´Â Ç¥·ù¹° Ãæ°Ý·Â(CO)

Type 5 : ½Ã°ø´Ü°è ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ(CS)

Type 6 : ±¸Á¶Áß·Â(D) + Prestress(PS) + ÅäÁß·Â ¹× Åä¾Ð(EP) + ÁöÁøÇÏÁß(E, RES)

ÇÏÁߺзù

ÇÏÁß ºÐ·ù

ÇÏÁ߸íĪ

Ç¥±â

¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß (»çÇÏÁß)

±¸Á¶Áß·Â

D

ÇÁ¸®½ºÆ®·¹½º

PS

Åä¾Ð

EP

°ÇÁ¶¼öÃà, Å©¸®ÇÁ

SH, CR

±âÃʺ¯À§

STL

ºÎ·Â

B

°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß(È°ÇÏÁß)

Â÷·®ÇÏÁß

L

Â÷·®Ãæ°ÝÇÏÁß

IL

¿ø½É·Â

CF

Â÷·®¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

LS

»ç¶÷

CRL

ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¶Ç´Â ¿©´ëÂ÷

LC

ÆòÆÇ°úÂ÷ ¶Ç´Â ¿©´ëÂ÷·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

LSC

±âŸ°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

dzÇÏÁß

W

Â÷·®Á¦µ¿ÇÏÁß

BRK

À¯¼ö¾Ð

WPR

ºù¾Ð·Â(¾î¸§)

IP

¿ÂµµÇÏÁß

T

ÁöÁöÁ¡¸¶Âû·Â

FR

¿ì¿¬ÇÏÁß

ÁöÁø·Â(»ó¿ì,ÇÑ¿ì)

E

¼±¹Ú ¶Ç´Â Ç¥·ù¹° Ãæ°Ý·Â

CO

 

 

CJJ77-98 : Áß±¹ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ÇÏÁßÇ¥ÁØ (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Load Combination

Type 1 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

Type 2 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß + ±âŸ°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

Type 3 : ¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß + ±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß + ¼±¹Ú ¶Ç´Â Ç¥·ù¹° Ãæ°Ý·Â(CO)

Type 4 : ±¸Á¶Áß·Â(D) + Prestress(PS) + ÅäÁß·Â ¹× Åä¾Ð(EP) + ÁöÁøÇÏÁß(E, RES)

±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß : [(L+IL)+CF+VEP+CRL], [M+CF+VEP+CRL]

¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß : [D+PS+EP+SH+CR+STL+SM+B]

±âŸ°¡º¯ÇÏÁß : [W+BRK+WP+FP+SF+WPR+IP+T+TPG+FS]

¿ì¿¬ÇÏÁß : [E, CO]

Note
À̵¿ÇÏÁß Çؼ®½Ã Â÷·®ÀÌ JTG B01-2003 ±ÔÁØÀÇ CH-RQ ¶Ç´Â User Vehicular Load ÀÇ Type1 & Type2·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ °æ¿ì ÇØ´ç À̵¿ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀº Crowd Load(CRL)·Î ÀÚµ¿ÀÎ½Ä µË´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ »ý¼ºµÈ CRL ÇÏÁßÀº ÇÏÁß Á¶Çսà ´Ù¸¥ À̵¿ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç°ú ÇÔ²² Á¶Çյ˴ϴÙ.

 

ÇÏÁß ºÐ·ù

ÇÏÁß ºÐ·ù

ÇÏÁ߸íĪ

Ç¥±â

¿µ±¸ÇÏÁß (»çÇÏÁß)

±¸Á¶Áß·Â

D

ÇÁ¸®½ºÆ®·¹½º

PS

Åä¾Ð

EP

°ÇÁ¶¼öÃà, Å©¸®ÇÁ

SH, CR

±âÃʺ¯À§

STL

ºÎ·Â

B

°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

±âº»°¡º¯ÇÏÁß(È°ÇÏÁß)

Â÷·®ÇÏÁß

L

Â÷·®Ãæ°ÝÇÏÁß

IL

¿ø½É·Â

CF

Â÷·®¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öÆòÅä¾Ð

LS

»ç¶÷

CRL

±âŸ°¡º¯ÇÏÁß

dzÇÏÁß

W

Â÷·®Á¦µ¿ÇÏÁß

BRK

À¯¼ö¾Ð

WPR

ºù¾Ð·Â(¾î¸§)

IP

¿ÂµµÇÏÁß

T

ÁöÁöÁ¡¸¶Âû·Â

FR

¿ì¿¬ÇÏÁß

ÁöÁø·Â(»ó¿ì,ÇÑ¿ì)

E

¼±¹Ú ¶Ç´Â Ç¥·ù¹° Ãæ°Ý·Â

CO

 

 

IRC : 6-2000 : Àεµ±¹°¡Ç¥ÁØ Ã¶±Ù ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ¼³°è±âÁØ (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

Conditions of Load Combinations : ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç »ý¼º½Ã °­µµÁ¶°Ç ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ »ç¿ë¼ºÀ̳ª ½Ã°ø´Ü°è °ü·Ã ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀÇ »ý¼º¿©ºÎ ÁöÁ¤

Consider Service Condition : »ç¿ë¼º°ü·Ã ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç Ãß°¡ »ý¼º

Consider Construction Condition : ½Ã°ø´Ü°è °ü·Ã ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°Ç Ãß°¡ »ý¼º

 

JSCE 02 : ÀϺ» Åä¸ñÇÐȸ 2002  (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

 

Manipulation of Construction Stage Load Case

½Ã°ø´Ü°è¿Í ¿Ï¼º´Ü°èÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ´Â ÇüŸ¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ST Only:  ¿Ï¼º´Ü°èÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç¸¸ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¿¡ ¹Ý¿µ

CS Only : ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç¸¸ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¿¡ ¹Ý¿µ

ST + CS : ¿Ï¼º´Ü°è¿Í ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¿¡ ¹Ý¿µ

 

Condition of Load Combination Type

7°³ÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ Ç׸ñ Áß¿¡¼­ ¿øÇÏ´Â Ç׸ñÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °¢ Ç׸ñÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇßÀ» ¶§ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.

Combination Type

ÇÏÁßÁ¶°Ç

D     

 PS-P

PS-S

CR+SH

SD

L

T

SW

EQ

Dead All

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Design

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

Temperature

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

Earthquake

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.00

Ultimate A

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

2.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

Ultimate B

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

2.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

Ultimate C

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.00

1.70

0.00

0.00

0.00

 

¹®ÀڷΠǥ½ÃµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.

D £ºDead

PS-P£ºPrestress ( Primary )

PS-S£ºPrestress ( Secondary )

CR+SH£ºCreep & Shrinkage ( Secondary )

SD £ºSpecified Displacement

L £ºLive ( Moving load + Impact load + Crowd Load )

T £ºTemperature ( Secondary )

SW£ºSnow

EQ £ºEarthquake

 

 

JTG D60-04 : Áß±¹ 2004 (»ó¼¼º¸±â)

 

 

Condition of Load Combination Type

½Ã°ø´Ü°è¿Í ¿Ï¼º´Ü°èÀÇ ÇÏÁßÁ¶°ÇÀ» Á¶ÇÕÇÏ´Â ÇüŸ¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Load Carrying Capacity Extreme State : ÀçÇÏ´É·Â ±ØÇÑ»óÅÂ

Basic : ¿ì¿¬ÇÏÁß Á¦¿Ü

Accidental : ¿ì¿¬ÇÏÁß Æ÷ÇÔ

Normal Operational Use Extreme State : Á¤»ó»ç¿ë ±ØÇÑ»óÅÂ

Elastic Stage : ź¼º´Ü°è

 

JTG D60-2004 ±âÁØÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ ÀÔ·Ââ¿¡ ź¼º´Ü°è üũ¿©ºÎ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿­ÀÌ Ãß°¡µÇ¸ç, Serviceability·Î ¼±ÅÃµÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ Áß¿¡¼­ ź¼º´Ü°è¿¡ üũ°¡ µÈ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â »ç¿ë¼º °ËÅä ´ë½Å ź¼º´Ü°è °ËÅä°¡ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù.

 

 

Manipulation of Construction Stage Load Case

Load Case Á¤Àǽà ½Ã°ø´Ü°è¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǴ ÇÏÁßÀº Construction Stage Load(CS) ŸÀÔÀ¸·Îµµ Á¤ÀÇ°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ Á¤ÀûÇÏÁß(D, DC, DW...) ŸÀÔÀ¸·Îµµ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µÎ°¡Áö ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇÏÁßÀº ÈÄ󸮿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ¿¡ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Construction Stage Load(CS) ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÀº ÈÄ󸮿¡¼­ CSÇÏÁßÀÌ Ãß°¡·Î »ý¼ºµÇ°í, Á¤ÀûÇÏÁß(ST)ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇµÈ ÇÏÁßÀº CSÇÏÁß ÀÌ¿Ü¿Í STÇÏÁßÀÌ »ý¼ºµË´Ï´Ù.

ST Only : Á¤ÀûÇÏÁ߸¸À¸·Î ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ

CS Only : ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇÏÁ߸¸À¸·Î ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ

ST + CS : Á¤ÀûÇÏÁß°ú ½Ã°ø´Ü°èÇÏÁßÀ» ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕ

Note
ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀÇ ÀÚµ¿»ý¼º±â´ÉÀÌ Áö¿øµÇ´Â ¼³°è±âÁØ(»ó¼¼º¸±â)

1. Steel

AASHTO-Std2K (AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges : 2000 Interim Revisions,1996 16th Edition)

AASHTO-Std2K (AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges : 2000 Interim Revisions,1996 16th Edition)

AASHTO-LRFD02 (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,LRFD Bridge Design Specification Section 6, Steel tructures, 2002)

¹Ì±¹ °­±¸Á¶Çùȸ ÇÏÁßÀúÇ×°è¼ö¼³°è¹ý(AISC-LRFD2K, Load & Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, 2000)

¹Ì±¹ °­±¸Á¶Çùȸ ÇÏÁßÀúÇ×°è¼ö¼³°è¹ý(AISC-LRFD93, Load & Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, 1993)

¹Ì±¹ °­±¸Á¶Çùȸ °­±¸Á¶ Çã¿ëÀÀ·Â¼³°è¹ý(AISC-ASD89, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings : Allowable Stress Design,1989)

Áß±¹ µµ·Î±³ÇÔ ¼³°è¹ý (JTJ021-89, Jiao Tong bu Jian she bia zhun, Specifications for Design of Steel Struecture,  1989)

Áß±¹ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ÇÏÁßÇ¥ÁØ (CJJ77-98, Jiao Tong bu Jian she bia zhun, Specifications for Design of Steel Struecture, 1998)

´ë¸¸ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ±Ô¹ü (Taiwan, ÍëÖØÎéÕÙàâͪЮÛô ð¯ø¢íñ : ˼̿ϰàâͪ, ÎßÐü(90))

 

2. Concrete

ÀϺ» Åä¸ñÇÐȸ 2002 (JSCE 02)

Çѱ¹µµ·Î±³ÅëÇùȸ µµ·Î±³¼³°è±âÁØ (KRTA-BRG2K)

´ëÇÑÅä¸ñÇÐȸ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®Ç¥Áؽù漭(KSCE-USD96, ±ØÇÑ°­µµ¼³°è¹ý, 1996)

Çѱ¹ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®ÇÐȸ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ±¸Á¶¼³°è±âÁØ(KCI-USD99, °­µµ¼³°è¹ý, 1999)

AASHTO-Std2K (AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges : 2000 Interim Revisions,1996 16th Edition)

AASHTO-LRFD02 (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,LRFD Bridge Design Specification Section 5, Concrete Structures, 2002)

¹Ì±¹ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®ÇÐȸ ö±ÙÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ±¸Á¶¼³°è±ÔÁØ(ACI318-02, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, 2002)

Áß±¹ µµ·Î±³ÇÔ ¼³°è¹ý (JTJ021-89, Jiao Tong bu Jian she bia zhun, Specifications for Design of Steel Struecture,  1989)

Áß±¹ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ÇÏÁßÇ¥ÁØ (CJJ77-98, Jiao Tong bu Jian she bia zhun, Specifications for Design of Steel Struecture, 1998)

Àεµ±¹°¡Ç¥ÁØ Ã¶±ÙÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ¼³°è±âÁØ(IRC:6-2000, Indian Standard, Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice (Fourth Revision), 2000)

´ë¸¸ µµ½Ã±³·®¼³°è ±Ô¹ü (Taiwan, ÍëÖØÎéÕÙàâͪЮÛô ð¯ø¢íñ : ˼̿ϰàâͪ, ÎßÐü(90))

Áß±¹ ±³ÅëºÎ µµ·ÎÇ¥ÁØ (JTG D60-2004, Jiao Tongbu Gong Lu Biao Zhun, 2004)

 

 

3. Spread Sheet Çü½ÄÀÇ Å×ÀÌºí¿¡¼­ ÇÏÁßÁ¶ÇÕÁ¶°ÇÀ» ÀÔ·Â ¶Ç´Â ¼öÁ¤

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