Beam Stresses (PSC)

 

 

 

Check diagonal tensile stresses in PSC beam elements in contours. Diagonal tensile stresses are displayed for only those elements, which are defined with Steel Bar for Web in Reinforcement of PSC Section. Diagonal tensile stresses are not calculated for tapered sections.  

 

 

 

From the Main Menu select Results > Results > Stresses > Beam Stresses (PSC)

 

 

 

Load Cases/Combinations

Select a desired load case, load combination or envelope case.

Click to the right to enter new or modify existing load combinations. (Refer to "Load Cases / Combinations")

Step
Specify the step for which the analysis results are to be produced. The Step is defined in geometric non-linear analysis as Load Step, and additional steps are defined in the construction stages of bridges.

Note
The Construction Stage applicable for the output of the construction stage analysis is defined in Select Construction Stage for Display or Stage Toolbar.

 

Section Position

Select a desired location for diagonal tensile stress result output among the locations shown in the section diagram.

Position 1~16: Stress output locations.

1~4: 4 locations at the corners.

7, 8: The locations on the neutral axis of the section considering reinforcements and tendons.

5, 6, 9, 10: Z1 and Z3 locations which are defined using Model > Properties > Section.

11~16: The locations for the critical normal stresses or shear stresses due to warping

Note

In case when tendons and reinforcement are entered for a PSC Section, they can be considered in stress calculations. In addition, the user can specify whether to consider the tendons and reinforcement in stress calculations. The centroid used for both construction stage and final stage for stress calculations is identical. The option for considering tendons for stress calculation can be specified in Analysis>Construction Stage Analysis Control. The option for considering reinforcement for stress calculation can be specified in Analysis > Main Control Data.

 

Max: Maximum stress value among the 16 locations

Min: Minimum stress value among the 16 locations

Max/Min: Displays both maximum and minimum values of PSC stresses, to enable the user to identify the maximum and minimum stresses at a glance.

Abs Max: Maximum stress in absolute value among the 16 locations

 

Components

Select the desired stress component among the following :

Sig-xx: Total axial stress in the element's local x-direction

Axial stress in the element's local x-direction plus axial stress due to prestressing  shear bars in the local x-direction

Sig-zz: Axial stress in the element's local z-direction

Sig-xz (shear): Total shear stress due to shear force and prestressing  shear bars

Sig-xz (torsion): Shear stress due to torsion

Sig-xz (bar): Shear stress due to prestressing shear bars

Note
For shear stress calculations, shear thickness at the corresponding checking location of the PSC section is used.  If no value is entered, the thickness will be automatically calculated.

Sig-xx, Sig-zz and Sig-xz are concurrent normal/shear stresses when principal stress reaches the maximum/minimum in the case of a moving load or a moving load included load combination. Accordingly, it is cautioned that Sig-xx, Sig-zz and Sig-xz are not the maximum normal/shear stresses due to moving loads.

Stress due to "Steel Bar for Web"is included in CS:Tendon Primary construction stage load case

Sig-Ps1: Maximum Principal Stress

Sig-Ps2: Minimum Principal Stress

Sig-Is (shear): Diagonal Tensile Stress excluding torsional shear stress

Sig-Is (shear+torsion): Diagonal Tensile Stress considering shear stresses due to shear force and torsion

     7th DOF

Sax(Warping) : Warping Normal Stress

Ssy(Mt) : Shear Stress due to Twisting Moment or St. Venant torsion (τxy)

Ssy(Mw) : Shear Stress due to Warping Moment (τxy)

Ssz(Mt) : Shear Stress due to Twisting Moment or St. Venant torsion (τxz)

Ssz(Mw) : Shear Stress due to Warping Moment (τxz)

Combined(Ssy) : Shear Stress due to “Transverse + Twisting Moment + Warping Moment”(τxy)

Combined(Ssz) : Shear Stress due to “Transverse + Twisting Moment + Warping Moment” (τxz)

 

 

Calculations for each stress component are shown below. [Details]

Note 1

1. PSC Stresses for a moving load are generated only when 'Normal + Concurrent Force' of Frame is checked in Analysis > Moving Load Analysis Control Data.

 

2. If Tendon Prestress Load is not applied after a tendon is inputted, or if a tendon is not applied during construction stages, the tendon is not reflected in the analysis, unlike in the PSC design.

 

3. Stress results at each construction stage are calculated based on the section properties at the corresponding stage, and the section properties used for each stage are generated in a tabular format (Results>Result Tables>Construction Stage>Element Properties at Each Stage).

 

Note 2
The stress output location (position 1~10) is defined at the time of entering PSC Section input data.

If no stress output location is defined, the program automatically determines the locations.  Refer to  PSC Section for stress output locations for each section shape.

 

Type of Display

Define the type of display as follows:

Contour

Display the stresses of beam elements in contour. 

 

 

Ranges: Define the contour ranges.

: Assign the color distribution range of contour. Using the function, specific colors for specific ranges can be assigned.

Number of Colors: Assign the number of colors to be included in the contour (select among 6, 12, 18, 24 colors)

Note

Contour Range Max/Min values can be larger than the max/min output values.  If the Contour Range values exceed the output values, they are entered at Rank 0 and Rank 11.

 

 

Colors: Assign or control the colors of the contour.

Color Table: Assign the type of Colors.

: Control the colors by zones in the contour.

Reverse Contour: Check on to reverse the sequence of color variation in the contour.

Contour Line: Assign the boundary line color of the contour

Element Edge: Assign the color of element edges while displaying the contour

 

Contour Options: Specify options for contour representation

Contour Fill

Gradient Fill: Display color gradient (shading) in the contour.

Draw Contour Lines: Display color boundaries in the contour.

Draw Contour Line Only
Display only the colored boundaries of the contour.

Mono line: Display the boundaries of the contour in a mono color.

 

Contour Annotation
Legend or annotation signifying the ranges of the contour is displayed.

Spacing: Specify the spacing of the legend or annotation.

Coarse Contour (faster) (for large plate or solid model)
Represent a simplified contour for a large model using plate or solid elements in order to reduce the time required to represent a complete contour.

Extrude
Where plate elements or solid elements along a cutting plane are represented in contour, a three dimensional contour is created. The positive direction of the analysis results is oriented in the z-axis direction of the local element coordinate system.
The option is not concurrently applicable with the Deformed Shape option. Similarly, the option cannot be concurrently applied to the cases where the Hidden option is used to display plate element thicknesses or the Both option is used to represent Top & Bottom member forces (stresses).
 

Deform

Display the deformed shape of the model.
 


 

 

Deformation Scale Factor
Magnify or reduce the size of the displacement graphically displayed in the model window.

Deformation Type
Select the type of display for displacement

Nodal Deform: Display the deformed shape reflecting only the nodal displacements.

Real Deform: Display the detail deformed shape calculated along the sections between both ends of beam elements together with the nodal displacements.

Real Displacement (Auto-Scale off): The true deformation of the structure is graphically represented without magnifying or reducing it. This option is typically used for geometric non-linear analysis reflecting large displacement.

Relative Displacement: The deformation of the structure is graphically represented relative to the minimum nodal displacement, which is set to "0"
 

Values

Display the stresses of beam elements in numerical values.
The font type and color for the numbers can be controlled in Display Option.
 


 

 

Decimal Points: Assign decimal points for the displayed numbers

Exp.: Express as exponentials

 

Min & Max: Display the maximum and minimum values

Abs Max: Display the absolute maximum value

Max: Display only the maximum value

Min: Display only the minimum value

Limit Scale(%): Set the screen display limit for stresses in beam elements relative to the selected maximum or minimum value

 

Set Orientation: Display orientation of numerical values

Note
The default Decimal Points can be controlled in "Preferences".Set Orientation = 0 horizontally displays the numerical values to the right of nodes or elements. The orientation angle represents the counter-clockwise direction, which may be used to enhance the readability of the numbers.

Legend

Display various references related to analysis results to the right or left of the working window.

Display the element numbers of the maximum and minimum displacement.
 


 

Legend Position: Position of the legend in the display window

Rank Value Type : Specify the display type and the decimal points of the legend value.
 

Animate

Dynamically simulate the stresses of the beam elements.
Click then click Record to the right of the Animation control board at the bottom of the working window.
 


 

Animation Mode: Determine the type of animation for analysis results.

Animate Contour: Option to change the color of the contour representing the transition according to the magnitudes of variation

Repeat Half/Full Cycle: Select the repetition cycle for the dynamic representation of the transition

Note
Select 'Half Cycle' for the transient shapes of a structure and 'Full Cycle' for dynamically simulating vibration modes or buckling modes.

 

AVI Options: Enter the options required to produce for animation window.

Bits per Pixel: Number of bits per pixel to create the default window for animation

: Assign the method of compressing image data

Frames per Half Cycle (3~300): Number of frames to simulate a 'Half Cycle'

Frames per Second (5~60): Number of frames per second to present dynamic simulation

 

Construction Stage Option: Select the animation options when the construction stage analysis is performed.
 

Stage Animation: Animations by construction stages

Current Stage-Step: Animations by Steps in the current construction stage

From ~ To: Starting and ending construction stages or steps for animations
 

Undeformed

Overlap the undeformed and deformed shapes of the model.
 

Mirrored

"Mirrored" allows the user to expand the analysis results obtained from a half or quarter model into the results for the full model by reflecting planes.
 


 

Half Model Mirroring

Quarter Model Mirroring

Mirror by: Specify the mirror plane (s) by designating a plane and a coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the plane in GCS.
 

 

Value Output Location  

Assign the section location at which internal stresses of the beam elements are produced in numerical values.

I: Display the stress at the start node (N1) of a beam element.

Center: Display the stress at the center of a beam element.

J: Display the stress at the end node (N2) of a beam element.

Max: Display the maximum stress among the stresses at the quarter points of each beam element, at the center of each element.

All: Display i, j & Max simultaneously.