Solid Stresses

Check the stress distribution of solid elements in Contours.

Analysis results (stresses) for Moving Load Analysis can be now produced.

From the Main Menu select Results > Results > Stresses > Solid Stresses.

Load Cases/Combinations

Select a desired load case, load combination or envelope case.

Click to the right to enter new or modify existing load combinations. (Refer to "Load Cases / Combinations")

Step
Specify the step for which the analysis results are to be produced. The Step is defined in geometric nonlinear analysis as Load Step, and additional steps are defined in the construction stages of highrise buildings or heat of hydration analyses.

Note 1
The Construction Stage applicable for the output of the construction stage analysis is defined in Select Construction Stage for Display or Stage Toolbar.

Note 2

When pushover analysis is performed for a structure containing Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements, the pushover analysis results for Plate, Plane Stress or Solid elements can be produced by Steps.

Stress Options

Define options necessary to draw the stresses.

Local: Display the stresses with respect to the element's local coordinate system.

UCS: Display the stresses with respect to User Coordinate System.

Element
Display the contour using the element stresses calculated at each node of the elements.

Avg. Nodal
Display the contour using the average nodal stresses of the contiguous elements sharing the common nodes.

Avg. Nodal Active Only
Execute Avg. Nodal for only currently active elements.

Components

Refer to Figures (a) and (b).

Select the desired stress component among the following :

For UCS

Sig-XX: Axial stress in GCS X-direction

Sig-YY: Axial stress in GCS Y-direction

Sig-ZZ: Axial stress in GCS Z-direction

Sig-XY: Shear stress along the GCS Y-direction in the plane perpendicular to the GCS X-axis

Sig-YZ: Shear stress along the GCS Z-direction in the plane perpendicular to the GCS Y-axis

Sig-XZ: Shear stress along the GCS Z-direction in the plane perpendicular to the GCS X-axis

Sig-P1: Principal stress in the 1st principal axis direction

Sig-P2: Principal stress in the 2nd principal axis direction

Sig-P3: Principal stress in the 3rd principal axis direction

Max-Shear: Maximum shear stress (Tresca Stress)

Sig-EFF: Effective stress (von-Mises Stress)

Sig-Pmax: Display the maximum numerical value among the absolute values of Sig-P1, Sig-P2 and Sig-P3

For Local

Sig - xx: Axial stress in the element's local x-direction (Perpendicular to local y-z plane)

Sig - yy: Axial stress in the element's local y-direction (Perpendicular to local x-z plane)

Sig - zz: Axial stress in the element's local z-direction (Perpendicular to local x-y plane)

Sig - xy: Shear stress along the local y-direction of element in the plane perpendicular to the local x-axis of element

Sig - yz: Shear stress along the local z-direction of element in the plane perpendicular to the local y-axis of element

Sig - xz: Shear stress along the local z-direction of element in the plane perpendicular to the local x-axis of element

Vector: Display the principal stresses in 3 principal axis directions in vectors

Vector Scale Factor: Drawing scale for the vector diagram

(a) Axial and Shear Stress Components (b) Principal Stress Components

Type of Display

Define the type of display as follows:

Contour

Display the stresses of solid elements in contour.

Ranges: Define the contour ranges.

: Assign the color distribution range of contour. Using the function, specific colors for specific ranges can be assigned.

Note
Contour Range Max/Min values can be larger than the max/min output values. If the Contour Range values exceed the output values, they are entered at Rank 0 and Rank 11.

Number of Colors: Assign the number of colors to be included in the contour (select among 6, 12, 18, 24 colors)

Colors: Assign or control the colors of the contour.

Color Table: Assign the type of Colors.

: Control the colors by zones in the contour.

Reverse Contour: Check on to reverse the sequence of color variation in the contour.

Contour Line: Assign the boundary line color of the contour

Element Edge: Assign the color of element edges while displaying the contour

Contour Options: Specify options for contour representation

Contour Fill

Gradient Fill: Display color gradient (shading) in the contour.

Draw Contour Lines: Display color boundaries in the contour.

Draw Contour Line Only
Display only the colored boundaries of the contour.

Mono line: Display the boundaries of the contour in a mono color.

Contour Annotation
Legend or annotation signifying the ranges of the contour is displayed.

Spacing: Specify the spacing of the legend or annotation.

Coarse Contour (faster) (for large plate or solid model)
Represent a simplified contour for a large model using plate or solid elements in order to reduce the time required to represent a complete contour.

Extrude
Where plate elements or solid elements along a cutting plane are represented in contour, a three dimensional contour is created. The positive direction of the analysis results is oriented in the z-axis direction of the local element coordinate system.

The option is not concurrently applicable with the Deformed Shape option. Similarly, the option cannot be concurrently applied to the cases where the Hidden option is used to display plate element thicknesses or the Both option is used to represent Top & Bottom member forces (stresses).

Deform

Display the deformed shape of the model.

Deformation Scale Factor
Magnify or reduce the size of the displacement graphically displayed in the model window.

Deformation Type
Select the type of display for displacement

Nodal Deform: Display the deformed shape only with nodal displacements.

Real Displacement (Auto-Scale off): The true deformation of the structure is graphically represented without magnifying or reducing it. This option is typically used for geometric nonlinear analysis reflecting large displacement.

Relative Displacement: The deformation of the structure is graphically represented relative to the minimum nodal displacement, which is set to "0"

Values

Display the stresses of solid elements in numerical values.

The font and color of the numbers can be controlled in Display Option.

Decimal Points: Assign decimal points for the displayed numbers.

Exp.: Express as exponential.

Min & Max: Display the maximum and minimum values.

Abs Max: Display the absolute maximum value.

Max: Display only the maximum value.

Min: Display only the minimum value.

Limit Scale (%): Set the screen display limit for stresses in solid elements relative to the selected maximum or minimum value.

Set Orientation: Display orientation of numerical values.

Note
The default Decimal Points can be controlled in "Preferences".
Set Orientation = 0 horizontally displays the numerical values to the right of nodes or elements.
The orientation angle represents the counter-clockwise direction, which may be used to enhance the readability of the numbers.

Legend

Display various references related to analysis results to the right or left of the working window.

Legend Position: Position of the legend in the display window

Rank Value Type: Specify a type of values in the Legend and the number of decimal points.

Animate

Dynamically simulate the stresses of the solid elements.

Click then click Record to the right of the Animation control board at the bottom of the working window.

Animation Mode: Determine the type of animation for analysis results.

Animate Contour: Option to change the color of the contour representing the transition according to the magnitudes of variation

Repeat Half/Full Cycle: Select the repetition cycle for the dynamic representation of the transition

Note
Select 'Half Cycle' for the transient shapes of a structure and 'Full Cycle' for dynamically simulating vibration modes or buckling modes.

AVI Options: Enter the options required to produce the animation window.

Bits per Pixel: Number of bits per pixel to create the default window for animation

: Assign the method of compressing image data

Frames per Half Cycle (3~300): Number of frames to simulate a 'Half Cycle'

Frames per Second (5~60): Number of frames per second to present dynamic simulation

Construction Stage Option: Select the animation options when the construction stage analysis is performed.

Stage Animation: Animations by construction stages

Current Stage-Step: Animations by Steps in the current construction stage

From ~ To: Starting and ending construction stages or steps for animations

Undeformed

Overlap the undeformed and deformed shapes of the model.

Mirrored

"Mirrored" allows the user to expand the analysis results obtained from a half or quarter model into the results for the full model by reflecting planes.

Half Model Mirroring

Quarter Model Mirroring

Mirror by: Specify the mirror plane (s) by designating a plane and a coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the plane in GCS.

Yield Point

If the analysis results produced by material nonlinear analysis exceed the yield stress of Plastic Material defined in Initial Uniaxial Yield Stress, Hinge is produced at Gauss Point.

[Check the results obtained from the analysis of masonry materials]

Figure 1. Principle stresses and crack positions ?under gravity loads

Figure 2. Principle stresses and cracks positions - under lateral loads

Cutting Plane	Graphically display the stresses of the solid elements along a cutting plane.
	Click to access the detail setting dialog box to define the cutting plane to produce and view the solid element stresses.

Named Planes for Cutting
Select a plane from the planes defined and ucs x-y, x-z & y-z planes.
Apply the cutting planes checked with "".

Outline Type
Outline (highlight) the solid element model using the following options to clearly view the stress distribution on the cutting plane.

Free Face: Draw the outline of all the faces that are not in contact with other solid elements.

Free Edge: Draw only the outline of the edges that are not in contact with other solid elements.

: Detailed display options for animation.

Animation Option
Use the options in conjunction with Animate of Type of Display. The stress contour of cut solid elements is animated according to the following options:

Global X Sweep: Produce a stress contour animation for the cut plane by moving the cutting plane toward GCS X-direction

Global Y Sweep: Produce a stress contour animation for the cut plane by moving the cutting plane toward GCS Y-direction

Global Z Sweep: Produce a stress contour animation for the cut plane by moving the cutting plane toward GCS Z-direction

Plane Normal Dir.: Produce a stress contour animation for the cut plane by moving the cutting plane normal to the plane

Rotating: Produce a stress contour animation for the cut plane by rotating the cutting plane about UCS x, y, z-axes by 360 degrees

IsoSurface

IsoSurface searches and displays the planes of equal stresses resulting from Heat of Hydration analysis within the solid elements.

IsoValue Mode
Define the method of specifying the stresses to which the planes are subjected.

Relative(0~1)
Relative stress levels with the maximum and minimum values of 1 and 0 respectively

Value: True magnitudes of stress values

IsoSurface Values
Click the button to enter a numerical value. Multiple entries are possible.

: Click the button to delete data entries.

Draw Polygon Outline
Polygonal boundaries of the planes of equal stresses are outlined. The color of boundary lines is selected as the color of Element Edge in the Contour Details dialog box.

Transparent (Screen only)
Assign a level of transparency for isosurfaces.

Model Outline
Outline (highlight) the solid element model using the following options to clearly view the stress distribution on the planes of equal stresses. The color of the outline is determined from the Color of Display Option or Free Face/Edge of Element under the Print Color Tab.

Free Face: Draw the outline of all the faces that are not in contact with other solid elements.

Free Edge: Draw only the outline of the edges that are not in contact with other solid elements.

Note
IsoSurface may be used in conjunction with the Animate Option. If one IsoSurface value is entered, the planes of equal stresses are animated within the range of the stress value and the maximum stress value. If two or more stress values are entered, the range of animation starts from the stress level that is lowest of all the values to the maximum value.

Batch Output Generation ( , )

Given the types of analysis results for Graphic outputs, generate consecutively graphic outputs for selected load cases and combinations. A total number of files equal to the products of the numbers of checked items in the three columns of the dialog box below are created.

	Assign a Base File Name under which the types of results (selection data in the Batch Output Generation dialog box for graphic outputs) are stored.
	Specify the Base Files to perform Batch Output Generation, construction stages, load cases (combinations), steps, etc. in the following dialog box.

Saved Menu-Bar Info's: Listed here are the Base Files. Select the Base File Names for Batch Output.

: Delete all the Base Files selected with the mouse.

When the construction stage analysis is carried out, all the construction stages are listed. We simply select the stages of interests to be included in the batch output. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the column in the dialog box becomes inactive and lists load (combination) conditions.

Stages
The results output of all the construction stages are produced. The construction stages are listed below.

Final Stage Loads
The results output for only the Final Stage are produced. The construction stages are listed below. If no construction stage analysis is performed, the load (combination) conditions are listed.

Use Saved
Apply only the (saved) step or load (combination) condition selected at the time of creating each Base File.

Stage LCase/LComb
When the construction stage analysis is carried out, the auto-generated construction stage load conditions and the additionally entered construction stage load combinations are listed. Check on only the load (combination) conditions that will be used to produce batch outputs. This column becomes inactive if Final Stage Loads?is selected or no construction stage analysis is carried out.

Step Option
Specify the steps for which the outputs will be produced when the construction stage analysis or large displacement geometric nonlinear analysis is performed.

Saved Step: Use only the steps used for creating the Base Files

All Steps: Use all the steps

Output Options

Output File Type
Select a Graphic File type, either BMP or EMF.

Auto Description: At the top left of the Graphic Outputs produced in batch, auto-generate and include the notes such as the types and components of the analysis results, construction stages and steps, load (combination) conditions, etc. The font size, color, type, etc. can be changed upon clicking the button .

Output Path
Specify the path for saving the graphic files to be produced in batch.

File Prefix: Specify the prefix of the Graphic Files to be created. The filenames will be consisted of "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Load Comb.".bmp(emf) or "Prefix"_"Base File Name"_"Stage"_"Stage LCase"_"Step".bmp(emf).

: Produce the specified batch Graphic Files reflecting the contents of the dialog box.

Produce the contents of data input in the Base Files and Batch Output Generation dialog box in a binary type file (fn.bog). Click the button and select a fn.bog to use the same output format.

Note
Import /Export is only meaningful for different projects. In a given structural model, the Base Files are automatically stored and listed.